![]() “So its functionality is key.”įor example, in 1932 Alvar Aalto designed Finland’s Paimio Sanatorium, which was built to house tuberculosis patients. It shouldn’t look like an Italian palazzo,” said McCoy. “It needs to serve if it’s a bus station or if it’s a school or if it’s a library. As a result, Modern architecture tends towards minimalism: clean lines, carefully balanced composition, exposed building materials, and a lack of adornment or reference to historical architecture styles. But Modernism introduced the idea that the building needs to function properly, and that its appearance could be derived from its function, said Chandler McCoy, senior project specialist at the Getty Conservation Institute. In these styles, the building’s purpose didn’t necessarily have a strong influence on its design. In the 19th century, popular styles included Beaux-Arts, Gothic Revival, and Neoclassicism. Form Follows Function: Before Modernism, architects were accustomed to referencing historical styles and forms in their designs. (Conservation efforts like the Getty Foundation’s Keeping It Modern grant initiative and the Getty Conservation Institute’s Conserving Modern Architecture Initiative were created to provide resources and help people who take care of these buildings with their conservation and maintenance).ģ. As a result, some Modern buildings now show signs of deterioration and aging. Especially in the early days of Modern architecture, architects and designers used new building materials and construction techniques experimentally, without a clear understanding of how they would perform and age over time. They could have larger floor plans with bigger interior spaces, since fewer walls were needed, and outer walls could be designed in expressive ways that traditional brick and mortar structures couldn’t support. Buildings could become thinner, lighter and could incorporate large glass surfaces. Engineering Advancements: Engineering techniques developed to the point where structures could employ those new building materials, giving architects the freedom to design buildings that were no longer dependent on thick, load-bearing walls to stand up. Modern architects also explored how materials could influence design. Over the years, Modern architecture spread around the world and expanded to include regional adaptations, which met local needs and design sensibilities. New mass production techniques meant buildings (and furniture) could be produced quickly and relatively cheaply. Immigration and new industries like steelmaking were attracting people from rural areas to cities, and there was a need for new offices, factories, and housing to keep up with growth. Modern architecture also attempted to help solve a practical problem: a boom in the urban population. ![]() ![]() This created a perfect storm that allowed architecture to enter a new era of design. Advancements in engineering, building materials, social equality, health, and industry converged, while past historical styles were rejected. The Modern Movement in architecture was born in the 20th century and really took off after World War I. It put an emphasis on experimentation, the rejection of predetermined “rules,” and freedom of expression in art, literature, architecture, and music. The term “Modern architecture” describes architecture designed and built within the social, artistic, and cultural attitude known as Modernism. Today, Modern design principles help connect society and are seen in the construction of schools, homes, and even bridges and highways.
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